Systems thinking is a way of understanding and analyzing complex systems and their interactions. It involves looking at the relationships and connections between various components of a system, rather than just focusing on individual parts in isolation.
In systems thinking, the whole is considered to be greater than the sum of its parts, and the behavior of the system as a whole is seen as more important than the behavior of any one individual component. This approach helps to identify how changes in one part of a system can affect other parts, and how the system as a whole can adapt and respond to these changes.
Systems thinking can be applied to a wide range of fields, including business, engineering, biology, and social sciences. It is often used to analyze complex systems in order to understand how they work and how they can be improved or managed more effectively.
In macroeconomics, systems thinking can be used to analyze and understand the relationships between various economic variables and how they affect the overall economy. For example, macroeconomic models often use systems thinking to analyze the relationships between factors such as GDP, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates.
Systems thinking can help economists to understand how changes in one variable, such as an increase in government spending, can affect other variables, such as employment and inflation. It can also help to identify feedback loops and other interactions between variables that may not be immediately apparent.
By using systems thinking, economists can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the economy and how it functions, which can inform policy decisions and help to address economic challenges. However, it is important to note that macroeconomic models and analyses are often complex and involve a number of assumptions and simplifications, and should be used with caution.
There are a variety of tools and techniques that systems thinkers can use when studying macroeconomics. Some common tools include:

- System dynamics modeling: This involves creating a mathematical model of the relationships between various economic variables, using tools such as flow diagrams and computer simulations.
- Causal loop diagrams: These diagrams help to identify and visualize the feedback loops and causal relationships between variables in a system.
- Stock and flow diagrams: These diagrams help to understand how quantities of resources, such as money or goods, change over time in a system.
- Scenario planning: This involves creating and analyzing different scenarios or “what-if” scenarios to understand how changes in one or more variables might affect the system as a whole.
- Sensitivity analysis: This involves analyzing how sensitive the outcomes of a model are to changes in assumptions or input variables.
In addition to these tools, systems thinkers may also use other analytical techniques, such as data analysis and statistical modeling, to gain a deeper understanding of economic systems and the relationships between different variables.
TSSEF has its own approach, sometimes using the image of the bathtub to represent the stock of all money in the economy. Stabilisation of this flow can be done through a combination of sensors and actuators. as well as stabilising feedback loops.TSSEF proposes surcharges on existing charges/taxes. To avoid accumulating money from dividends into the state budget, and to ensure households have money to buy essentials, surcharges can be paid back equally to all citizens with tax accounts as dividends (4).

The idea of Stock and flow can be applied to the macro economy, of the materials entering and leaving.

The video illustrates how we map the economy using KUMI.io to explore inflation.
I summary, systems thinking helps economists better analyze their own mental models of the economy, and to explore connections and effects they might otherwise miss. Once a systems model is developed, it ca provide more answers by using a simulation platform like insight maker or Minsky, to do “what-if?” simulations.